Volume 12 Issue 2 (2023)

Contributing and Hindering Factors of Teachers’ Social and Emotional Learning Competencies

pp. 7-22  |  Published Online: December 2023  |  DOI: 10.22521/unibulletin.2023.122.1

Arlyn A. Pasco, Ruth A. Ortega-Dela Cruz

Abstract

Background/purpose – Teachers are the role models that students tend to imitate. Therefore, teachers’ social and emotional learning skills and competencies are crucial to the implementation of social and emotional learning (SEL) intervention programs. When teachers are under stress, their social and emotional well-being can be significantly affected. This study focuses on assessing the SEL competencies of teachers, and to identify the hindering and contributing factors of these competencies.

Materials/methods – Survey research design was used to collect the study’s data. This was a combination of the an adopted 3-point, Likert-type instrument called the Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning (CASEL) Scale, which is a self-reflection test, and a structured questionnaire.

Results – The assessment revealed that most respondents had a deep understanding of their SEL competencies and applied them in their daily lives. The result also revealed “stress” as the primary hindering factor towards teachers achieving their SEL competencies.

Conclusion – The results serve as the basis for formulating a SEL intervention program aimed at enhancing and developing the SEL competencies of teachers.  

Keywords: competencies, social and emotional learning, stress, teachers

References

Cohen, J., McCabe, E. M., Michelli, N. M., & Pickeral, T. (2009). School climate: Research, policy, practice, and teacher education. Teachers College Record, 111, 180-213. https://doi.org/10.1177/016146810911100108

Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning. (2013). 2013 CASEL Guide: Effective social and emotional learning programs - Preschool and elementary school edition. CASEL.

Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning. (2023). Fundamentals of SEL. https://casel.org/fundamentals-of-sel/

Collie, R. J., Shapka, J. D., & Perry, N. E. (2012). School climate and social-emotional learning: Predicting teacher stress, job satisfaction, and efficacy. Journal of Educational Psychology, 104, 1189-1204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0029356

DiCarlo, C. F., Meaux, A. B., & LaBiche, E. H. (2020). Exploring mindfulness for perceived teacher stress and classroom climate. Early Childhood Education Journal, 48, 485-496. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10643-019-01015-6

Durlak, J. A., Weissberg, R. P., Dymnicki, A. B., Taylor, R. D., & Schellinger, K. B. (2011). The impact of enhancing students’ social and emotional learning: A meta‐analysis of school‐based universal interventions. Child development, 82(1), 405-432. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01564.x

Freiberg, H. J. (1999). Introduction. In H. J. Freiberg (Ed.), School climate: Measuring, improving, and sustaining healthy learning environments (pp. 1-11). Falmer Press.

García, E., & Weiss, E. (2019, May 30). Challenging Working Environments (School Climates), Especially in High-Poverty Schools, Play a Role in the Teacher Shortage. Economic Policy Institute. https://www.epi.org/publication/school-climate-challenges-affect-teachers-morale-more-so-in-high-poverty-schools-the-fourth-report-in-the-perfect-storm-in-the-teacher-labor-market-series/

Gerrans, P., Speelman, C., & Campitelli, G. (2014). The relationship between personal financial wellness and financial wellbeing: A structural equation modelling approach. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 35, 145-160. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10834-013-9358-z

Henager, R., & Wilmarth, M. J. (2018). The relationship between student loan debt and financial wellness. Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 46(4), 381-395. https://doi.org/10.1111/fcsr.12263

Hughes, J. N. (2012). Teacher–student relationships and school adjustment: Progress and remaining challenges. Attachment & Human Development, 14(3), 319-327. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14616734.2012.672288

Jennings, P. A., & Greenberg, M. T. (2009). The prosocial classroom: Teacher social and emotional competence in relation to student and classroom outcomes. Review of Educational Research, 79(1), 491-525. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654308325693

Kirana, N., Fitria, H., & Fitriani, Y. (2021). The Effect of School Leadership and Management on Teacher Performance in Cluster IV of East Baturaja. In M. Kristiawan, M. L. Firdaus, M. Syafryadin, I. Maisarah, M. Fadhli, M. Sufiyandi, D. E. Andriani, I. J. Sari, I. Gunawan, M. Fauziddin, Y. A. Sari, I. Fathurrochman, M. Suhono, N. Asvio, A. Walid, H. Bukman Lian, Y. Arafat, D. Wardiah, & P. H. M. Lubis (Eds.), Proceedings of the International Conference on Education Universitas PGRI Palembang (INCoEPP 2021) (pp. 1345-1347). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210716.269

Klusmann, U., Richter, D., & Lüdtke, O. (2016). Teachers’ Emotional Exhaustion Is Negatively Related to Students’ Achievement: Evidence from a Large-Scale Assessment Study. Journal of Educational Psychology, 108(8), 1193-1203. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000125

Kotsou, I., Mikolajczak, M., Heeren, A., Grégoire, J., & Leys, C. (2019). Improving emotional intelligence: A systematic review of existing work and future challenges. Emotion Review, 11(2), 151-165. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073917735902

Kulsoom, S., & Hussain, I. (2020). Analyzing Factors Affecting Social-Emotional Competence at Secondary Level. Global Educational Studies Review, V(III), 373-384. https://doi.org/10.31703/gesr.2020(v-iii).36

LaBarbera, R. (2021, January 7). How Self-Awareness Enhances Teaching. Age of Awareness. https://medium.com/age-of-awareness/how-self-awareness-enhances-teaching-a3f8b73d732

Lumpkin, A. (2008). Teachers as role models teaching character and moral virtues. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 79(2), 45-50. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07303084.2008.10598134?journalCode=ujrd20

McPheat, S. (2022). 5 Reasons Why Decision-Making Skills Are So Important in Management. MTD Training. https://www.mtdtraining.com/blog/5-reasons-why-decision-making-skills-are-so-important-in-management.htm

Moser, C. A., & Kalton, G. (2017). Survey methods in social investigation. Routledge.

Oliveira, S., Roberto, M. S., Pereira, N. S., Marques-Pinto, A., & Veiga-Simão, A. M. (2021). Impacts of Social and Emotional Learning Interventions for Teachers on Teachers’ Outcomes: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, Article 677217. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.677217

Omarli, S. (2017). Which Factors have an Impact on Managerial Decision-Making Process? An Integrated Framework. In J. T. Karlovitz (Ed.), Essays in Economics and Business Studies. (pp. 3-93). International Research Institute. https://doi.org/10.18427/iri-2017-0068

Orlanda-Ventayen, C. C., & Ventayen, R. J. (2021). Stress and Depression in the Workplace of Educators in the Philippines. medRxiv. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.22.21254017v1.article-info

Ozamiz-Etxebarria, N., Berasategi Santx, N., Idoiaga Mondragon, N., & Dosil Santamaría, M. (2021). The Psychological State of Teachers During the COVID-19 Crisis: The Challenge of Returning to Face-to-Face Teaching. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, Article 620718. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.620718/full

Parris, L., Neves, J. R., & La Salle, T. (2018). School climate perceptions of ethnically diverse students: Does school diversity matter? School Psychology International, 39(6), 625-645. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143034318798419

Sajeevanie, T. L. (2020). Importance Of Self-Management and Future Research Thoughts: A Critical Review Perspective. International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, 8(7), 4122-4127. https://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2007434

Schonert-Reichl, K. A. (2016, November 30). Social and Emotional Learning and Teachers. In S. McLanahan, J. M. Currie, R. Haskins, M. Kearney, C. E. Rouse, & I. Sawhill (Eds.), Social and Emotional Learning, the Future of Children (pp. 137-156). Princeton, Brookings.

Segal, J., Smith, M., Robinson, L., & Shubin, J. (2021). Improving Emotional Intelligence (EQ). HelpGuide.Org. https://www.helpguide.org/articles/mental-health/emotional-intelligence-eq.htm

Selman, R. L. (2003). Promotion of Social Awareness: Powerful Lessons for the Partnership of Developmental Theory and Classroom Practice. Russell Sage Foundation.

Steyn, Z., & Van Staden, L, J. (2018). Investigating selected self-management competencies of managers. Independent Research Journal in the Management Sciences, 18(1), 1-10. https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.4102/ac.v18i1.530

The Education Trust, & Manpower Demonstration Research Corporation. (2021, March 17). The Importance of Strong Relationships Between Teachers & Students. The Education Trust. https://edtrust.org/resource/the-importance-of-strong-relationships/

Zakrzewski, V. (2013, August 13). Why Teachers Need Social-Emotional Skills. Greater Good Magazine. https://greatergood.berkeley.edu/article/item/why_teachers_need_social_emotional_skills

Zydziunaite, V., & Daugėla, M. (2020). Teacher’s Professional Self-Awareness Within The Interactions With Students In Higher Education: Temporality and Relationality. Acta Paedagogica Vilnensia, 45, 160-174. https://doi.org/10.15388/actpaed.45.10

Announcement

UNIBULLETIN News!

► New issue coming soon! (Volume 13 Issue 1, 2024)

Call for Papers

UNIBULLETIN is calling for submissions. Authors are invited to submit papers from the all fields of the Education (General) and Social Sciences (General) in the international context. All submissions should be presented only in English.